Light-driven transformation of biomass into chemicals using photocatalysts – Vistas and challenges

Transformation of biomass into commodity chemicals using enzymes or cells.

Chemical routes for the transformation of biomass into chemicals.

3.2.3. Hydroformylation 2467 3.2.4. Dimerization 2468 3.2.5. Oxidative Cleavage and Ozonolysis 2469 3.2.6. Metathesis 2470 4. Terpenes 2472 4.1. Pinene 2472 4.1.1. Isomerization: R-Pinene 2472 4.1.2. Epoxidation of R-Pinene 2475 4.1.3. Isomerization of R-Pinene Oxide 2477 4.1.4. Hydration of R-Pinene: R-Terpineol 2478 4.1.5. Dehydroisomerization 2479 4.2. Limonene 2480 4.2.1. Isomerization 2480...

Visible‐Light‐Driven Hydrogen Evolution Using Planarized Conjugated Polymer Photocatalysts

Linear poly(p-phenylene)s are modestly active UV photocatalysts for hydrogen production in the presence of a sacrificial electron donor. Introduction of planarized fluorene, carbazole, dibenzo[b,d]thiophene or dibenzo[b,d]thiophene sulfone units greatly enhances the H2 evolution rate. The most active dibenzo[b,d]thiophene sulfone co-polymer has a UV photocatalytic activity that rivals TiO2, but...

an investigation into translation of cultural concepts by beginner and advance student using think – aloud protocols

this research aims at answering the questions about translation problems and strategies applied by translators when translating cultural concepts. in order to address this issue, qualitative and quantitative study were conducted on two groups of subjects at imam reza international university of mashhad. these two groups were assigned as beginner and advanced translation students (10 students). ...

Simple chemical transformation of lignocellulosic biomass into furans for fuels and chemicals.

Lignocellulosic biomass is a plentiful and renewable resource for fuels and chemicals. Despite this potential, nearly all renewable fuels and chemicals are now produced from edible resources, such as starch, sugars, and oils; the challenges imposed by notoriously recalcitrant and heterogeneous lignocellulosic feedstocks have made their production from nonfood biomass inefficient and uneconomica...